Netopia R3100 Manuel d'utilisateur Page 257
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Understanding IP Addressing E-3
Subnet masks
To create subnets, the network manager must define a subnet mask, a 32-bit number that indicates which bits
in an IP address are used for network and subnetwork addresses, and which are used for host addresses. One
subnet mask should apply to all IP networks that are physically connected together and share a single assigned
network number. Subnet masks are often written in decimal notation, like IP addresses, but they are most
easily understood in binary notation. When a subnet mask is written in binary notation, each numeral 1
indicates that the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network or subnet address. Each 0
indicates that the corresponding bit is part of the host address. The following table shows the proper subnet
masks to use for each class of network, when no subnets are required.
To know whether subnets are being used or not, you must know what subnet mask is being used—you cannot
determine this information simply from an IP address. Subnet mask information is configured as part of the
process of setting up IP routers and gateways such as the Netopia R3100.
Note: If you receive a routed account from an ISP, there must be a mask associated with your network IP
address. By using the IP address with the mask you can discover exactly how many IP host addresses you
actually have.
To configure subnets properly, you must also be able to convert between binary notation and decimal notation.
Example: Using subnets on a Class C IP internet
When setting up IP routing with a Class A Address, or even multiple Class C Addresses, subnetting is fairly
straightforward. Subnetting a single Class C address between two networks, however, is more complex. This
section describes the general procedures for subnetting a single Class C network between two Netopia routers
so that each can have Internet access.
Class Subnet mask for a network with no subnets
A
Binary: 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
Decimal: 255.0.0.0
B
Binary: 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
Decimal: 255.255.0.0
C
Binary: 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Decimal: 255.255.255.0
- R3100 ISDN Routers 1
- Part I: Getting Started 3
- Part III: Appendixes 9
- 5. Configured for IDSL 18
- User’s Reference Guide 20
- Overview 21
- Features and capabilities 21
- How to use this guide 22
- Find a location 23
- What you need 23
- 1 Ethernet 24
- 2 Telco 24
- 3 Power 24
- Netopia R3100 LED front panel 28
- Before running SmartStart 30
- Easy option 32
- Advanced option 37
- Sharing the Connection 38
- 3-18 User’s Reference Guide 46
- 10Base-T 49
- 4-4 User’s Reference Guide 50
- Remote console 51
- Ethernet 52
- Telco 2 Telco 1 52
- Phone 1Phone 2 52
- 4-8 User’s Reference Guide 54
- SmartView overview 55
- Navigating SmartView 56
- Connection Profiles page 57
- Event history pages 57
- Device Event History page 58
- WAN Event History page 58
- 5-6 User’s Reference Guide 60
- Configuring Telnet software 63
- 6-6 User’s Reference Guide 66
- Easy Setup console screens 67
- Beginning Easy Setup 69
- ISDN Easy Setup 69
- ■ National ISDN-1 (NI-1) 71
- ■ AT&T 5ESS Pt-to-Pt 71
- ■ AT&T 5ESS Multipoint 71
- ■ Nortel DMS100 Custom 71
- IDSL Easy Setup 72
- Easy Setup Profile 73
- IP Easy Setup 75
- Easy Setup Security 76
- Configuring Frame Relay 77
- Frame Relay configuration 80
- Frame Relay DLCI configuration 82
- ■ add an alternate number 93
- The Default Profile 94
- How the default profile works 94
- Auxiliary Port Configuration 98
- System Configuration screens 99
- System Configuration features 100
- Network Protocols Setup 102
- Filter Sets (Firewalls) 102
- IP Address Serving 102
- Date and Time 102
- Console Configuration 104
- Security 104
- Upgrade Feature Set 104
- Telephone setup 105
- Defining priority ringing 110
- Advanced calling features 111
- Line provisioning 111
- Scheduled connections 116
- Viewing scheduled connections 117
- Adding a scheduled connection 118
- Set Weekly Schedule 119
- Set Once-Only Schedule 120
- Default Answer Profile 121
- ■ “IP setup” on page 11-6 125
- IP setup 130
- IP subnets 134
- Static routes 136
- IP address serving 140
- DHCP NetBIOS Options 142
- IPX Features 145
- IPX Definitions 145
- IPX address 146
- NetBIOS 147
- IPX Spoofing 147
- IPX setup 147
- IPX routing tables 149
- 12-6 User’s Reference Guide 150
- Installing AppleTalk 151
- AppleTalk networks 152
- AppleTalk protocol 152
- Routers and seeding 155
- Configuring AppleTalk 156
- EtherTalk Setup 157
- LocalTalk Setup 158
- AURP setup 159
- Quick View status overview 163
- General status 164
- Current status 165
- Status lights 165
- Statistics & Logs 166
- General Statistics 166
- Event histories 167
- Routing tables 169
- Served IP Addresses 172
- System Information 174
- The SNMP Setup screen 175
- SNMP traps 176
- 14-16 User’s Reference Guide 178
- Suggested security measures 179
- User accounts 180
- Dial-in Console Access 181
- Telnet access 182
- About filters and filter sets 182
- How filter sets work 183
- How individual filters work 185
- Design guidelines 189
- Adding a filter set 191
- Viewing filter sets 195
- Modifying filter sets 196
- Deleting a filter set 196
- A sample IP filter set 196
- IPX filters 200
- IPX packet filters 201
- IPX packet filter sets 202
- IPX SAP filters 204
- IPX SAP filter sets 206
- Firewall tutorial 208
- General Firewall Terms 208
- Basic IP Packet Components 208
- Basic Protocol Types 208
- Firewall design rules 209
- Filter Basics 211
- Example Filters 212
- Token Security Authentication 215
- Securing network environments 215
- Using the SecurID token card 215
- 15-42 User’s Reference Guide 220
- Telnet client 224
- Trace Route 225
- Secure Authentication Monitor 226
- Factory defaults 227
- Updating firmware 228
- Downloading configuration files 229
- Uploading configuration files 229
- Restarting the system 232
- ISDN Switch Loopback Test 233
- Configuration problems 237
- SmartStart Troubleshooting 238
- Console connection problems 238
- Network problems 238
- Power outages 239
- Technical support 239
- How to get support 239
- Completing the ISDN worksheet 245
- B-8 User’s Reference Guide 248
- Appendix C 249
- C-2 User’s Reference Guide 250
- Unique requirements 251
- What is IP? 255
- About IP addressing 255
- Subnets and subnet masks 256
- Distributing IP addresses 259
- Configuration 261
- Using address serving 262
- Nested IP subnets 264
- Internet 264
- Broadcasts 266
- Packet header types 266
- Network Configuration 267
- Background 267
- Exported services 271
- Important notes 272
- Virtual Circuits 275
- Committed Burst Size (B 276
- Excess Burst Size (B 276
- Addressing 277
- Local and Global DLCIs 277
- G-6 User’s Reference Guide 280
- Appendix H 281
- Event Histories 281
- Leased line events 281
- ISDN events 281
- ISDN event cause codes 282
- Appendix I 287
- ISDN Configuration Guide 287
- Definitions 287
- About SPIDs 287
- Example SPIDs 288
- Dynamic B-channel usage 288
- I-4 User’s Reference Guide 290
- Binary Conversion Table J-1 291
- J-2 User’s Reference Guide 292
- K-4 User’s Reference Guide 296
- 1300 ohms 297
- Description 299
- Power requirements 299
- Environment 299
- Software and protocols 299
- Agency approvals 300
- Regulatory notices 300
- Important safety instructions 302
- L-8 User’s Reference Guide 304
- 8 User’s Reference Guide 312
- 2 User’s Reference Guide 320
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